Waste management has become a major challenge due to rapid urbanization and population growth. The country generates nearly 160,000 tonnes of municipal solid waste every day. Around 85–90% of waste is collected in urban areas, but only about 68% is scientifically processed. Most Indian households are now encouraged to segregate waste into dry and wet categories, and about 60% follow this practice. India also produces nearly 3.5 million tonnes of plastic waste each year, out of which about 60% is recycled. The government has implemented several initiatives like the Swachh Bharat Mission and the Plastic Waste Management Rules to promote proper disposal and recycling. In recent years, there has been a growing focus on waste-to-energy projects, composting, and the circular economy to reduce landfill use and create a cleaner, sustainable environment.